Blog by Dal Stanton
There’s nothing like a Lot picture on the eBay auction block that makes a pipe man salivate with the question, “Are there any treasures in the beautiful, intertwined, chaotic mass of briar, rubber, horn, and acrylic?” I received a message from my good pipe man friend to the north of Bulgaria in Romania, Codruț (aka: Piper O’Beard on FB), a happy steward of a Peretti Oom Paul Sitter I restored (Recommissioning Another L. J. Peretti of Boston: An Oom Paul Sitter). Codruț sent me some links of Lots on the French eBay auction block. With piqued curiosity I looked. Codruț was considering getting into the hunt – he had never purchased a Lot before and he wanted to try his had and restoring. When I saw the French Lot below, I started salivating a bit(!), and asked Codruț if he minded if I went after it. With his blessing, I placed a bid and was fortunate to land the French Lot of 50 and bring it to Bulgaria. What drew my attention to this Lot of 50 initially were all the horn stems that caught my eye. The second was the classy Pencil Stem Cutty Tavern Pipe laying across the top (unbelievably, still available as I write in the For “Pipe Dreamers” Only! collection!!) and the modernistic, deep blue/white Billiard with a fiery blue acrylic stem lying next to the Pencil Stem Cutty Tavern Pipe (available in The Pipe Steward Store as I write!). Then I saw the Churchwarden. All pipe picking scavenging requires one to see through the mass to put together the clues of what is hidden. The P. Viou Warden’s upside-down bowl starts on the left side (just above a horn stem) and you can trace the long stem underneath the mass where it emerges on the far right, upturned – somewhat masked by the star on the print below. Aw! My excitement when the bell rang, and the winning bid was mine!
When the French Lot of 50 finally made it to Bulgaria, I opened the box like a young boy opening a treasure! With all my acquisitions, so that I can keep track of everything, I picture and record every pipe and eventually upload them to the ‘For “Pipe Dreamers” Only!’ collection for pipe men and women to see and commission if a pipe happens to choose them. Here are some of the cataloging pictures I took of the French Lot of 50 with a better look at the 3 pipes that hooked me as well as the plethora of horn!
It didn’t take long for the Churchwarden to find a suitor after he was put online in the ‘For “Pipe Dreamers” Only!’ collection. A new acquaintance, Josh, who visited Bulgaria last summer, saw the Churchwarden and commissioned him and has been waiting so patiently! The Paul Viou Churchwarden finally made it to my worktable, and I take more pictures to get a closer look.
The reach of the P. Viou’s Churchwarden is 10 1/2 inches (even with an inappropriately tucked stem!) and the height of the bowl is 1 7/8 inches. The nomenclature is a cursive, P. Viou with a flared underline on the left flank of the shank. On the right, is the well-known stamping of ‘ST.CLAUDE’, the French birthplace of the production of briar pipes and historically, the mega-center of French pipe manufacturing with a plethora of names calling it home. There is scant information about the Paul Viou name on the internet that I could find. Pipedia’s article of Paul Viou is brief:
From Pipes, Artisans and Trademarks, by José Manuel Lopes’
Paul Viou was the brand and name of a French artisan who sold his pipes by correspondence and then he was a pipe supplier for military institutions. He also made sculpted pipes and sometime used horn stems.
The brand is currently sold by Jacques Craen and made by Genod in Saint-Claude, after having also belonged to Paul Guilland and Vuillard. They are stamped P. Viou and made primarily for export.
This information is confirmed by Pipephil.eu with the addition of the date of the current holder of the Paul Viou name, Beaud, happening in 2006: 
Whether the Churchwarden before me was made under the original artisan or under one of the other eventual holding companies (Guilland, Vuillard, or Genod), I’m not sure how to say with certainty. I have a few other P. Viou pipes in the French Lot of 50, so perhaps I’ll discover more information as I go!
The condition of the overall pipe is good. The bowl is darkened from time and the normal buildup of oils and grime. The chamber has some cake buildup but not much. The Warden stem has some oxidation and the bit is in good condition. I notice also (picture above) that there’s a gap between the stem and shank. Often, a simple cleaning will restore a flush seating of the stem, but I’ll keep my eye on this. The main thing that grabbed my attention when I first held the pipe in my hand was the orientation of the stem. To me, it is over-bent and almost you could say, tucked. Wardens, I’ve found, have different kinds of bends. Most often I’ve observed a sweeping bend where almost the entire stem is engaged in the bend. This P. Viou has a straight extension until it reaches the very end of the stem and then is bent. I like it, but the final orientation of the bend should more closely reflect a parallel orientation with the plane of the rim. For a didactic moment, I trace this concept on a piece of paper to illustrate.
Before beginning the cleaning process with the stem, I make this adjustment to the stem. First, just to be on the cautious side, I insert a pipe cleaner into the bit side of the stem to guard the integrity of the airway, which usually isn’t an issue if the bend is being opened instead of tightened. I also trace the original stem orientation on the paper I used above so that when I bend the stem, I can lay it on the flat surface for a straighter result. I then heat the end of the stem with a hot air gun. As it heats, the vulcanite becomes supple and the bend gradually starts straightening on its own. When it expands enough as I eyeball it, holding the stem in place, I take it to the sink and run cold tap water on it to set the bend. After the first attempt, the bend is still too tight, so I repeat the process again and the second time is enough. The pictures show the progression. I like this orientation much better.
Before cleaning the stem, I remove the stinger to aid in the cleaning. I heat the stinger with a Bic lighter and after it heats, the vulcanite holding it loosens its grip. I gently extract it with the help of pliers. I personally don’t have a lot of affection for stingers and their role in the smoking experience. I’ll clean the stinger and include it with the finished pipe and allow the future steward to make the call! 
I don’t have long pipe cleaners, but I do have a selection of shank brushes that easily reach through the stem. I use these dipped in isopropyl 95% to clean the internals of the stem. I also use regular pipe cleaners inserting them from both sides. Well, it didn’t take long after starting to know that this Warden stem had not been cleaned in some time – if ever! The reality of the less than optimal situation was confirmed when my wife came in and said that something was stinking…. I should have had gloves and my apron on, but hindsight! After some cleaning, things are looking better but still not pristine! 
This nastiness helps me decide the next course of action. I use an OxiClean bath to work on the oxidation in the vulcanite, but it also serves to further sanitize the internals, yes! I pour the OxiClean into a larger plastic container that will accommodate the stem. Before putting the stem in the OxiClean bath, I put a little petroleum jelly over the ‘P.Viou’ stamping to protect it and then let the OxiClean to its thing with both internal and external. 
With the stem in the bath, I turn now to the Paul Viou bowl by reaming the chamber with the Pipnet Reaming kit using two smaller blades. I then fine tune by scraping the chamber with the Savinelli Fitsall tool and follow by sanding the chamber with 240 grit paper wrapped around a Sharpie Pen. After wiping the chamber with a cotton pad and alcohol, I look at the cleaned chamber and it looks good – no signs of heating damage.
Next, I use undiluted Murphy’s Oil Soap on the external briar surface to work on the bowl and lava flow on the rim. I also use a bristled tooth brush and a brass wire brush on the rim that will not damage the briar. The cleaning reveals two thing. First, by looking at the cotton pad in the picture, the old dye came off during the cleaning. The rim cleaned up well but revealed burn damage from pulling the flame over the rim instead of being over the tobacco! Lighting a Churchwarden can be a bit more difficult, especially the way the stem was originally bent on this Paul Viou – I doubt if the steward could see the top of the bowl with the way it was tucked under. Here are the pictures.
To complete the general cleaning regimen, I use cotton buds and pipe cleaners dipped in isopropyl 95% to do the job. With the grungy condition of the stem, it shouldn’t have surprised me to find the mortise and airway internals sharing the same grungy condition. Oh my, with the help dental probes and spatulas to scrape the mortise and shank brushes coming in to reinforce the cotton buds and rank and file pipe cleaners, some victory was achieved in this skirmish. With confidence of having total victory, I will later continue the struggle by giving the internals a kosher salt and alcohol bath to further draw the oils and tars out of the internal briar and to remove any lingering odor. The picture shows the carnage and the arsenal of this war. 
Next, I take a closer look at the rim damage. The lighting practice has scorched the forward left side of the bowl resulting in the thinning of the rim at that point. I’ve had a lot of experience with this when I restored several L.J. Peretti Oom Pauls from the former steward who was a serial burner and discarder (See for an example: Another LJ Peretti Oom Paul Sitter Recommissioned). My approach is two-fold with the driving value of always trying to save as much briar as possible! First, I will minimally top the stummel to remove as much damage as possible. Then, to blend the internal rim lip damage, I introduce an internal bevel, which in my view, looks good anyway. With the chopping board on my table, I cover it with a sheet of 240 paper. The following pictures show the graduated progress. First, the starting point.
Interestingly, the topping process reveals a slight inward dropping pitch of the rim. This is shown by the outer portion only making contact with the flat topping board.
When I decide the 240 grit paper has removed enough of the top, I switch the paper to 600 grit and give the topping a few more rotations to smooth out the rim.
Now, step two is introducing a bevel to the internal lip to remove more damaged briar and to blend. I start with a tightly rolled piece of coarser 120 grit paper to cut the initial bevel. I follow in succession with 240 and 600 grit papers tightly rolled. 
To soften the sharp outer edge of the rim and to soften the entire rim presentation, I create an external bevel, but a very small bevel using the same progression of sanding papers. I think it looks good. The darkened part of the damage is still visible, but it will be mitigated when the rim is dyed and darkened.
The condition of the stummel is good. I don’t see any problem fills or pitting. I go with the original finish and aim to match the rim to the bowl. What seems to be a good match is the Mahogany dye stick. After applying it over the rim, I then blend the dye stick coating by wiping it with a cotton pad wetted with alcohol. I think it looks good at this stage.
The Warden stem has been in the OxiClean bath for several hours. I take a few close-up pictures to show the oxidation which had surfaced. 
I wet sand using 600 grade paper to remove the oxidation. I’m careful to stay clear of the ‘P.Viou’ stamp. I follow this with Magic Eraser over the entire stem, including the stamping. The low abrasion of the sponge works well with cleaning up this area.
In order to hydrate the vulcanite, I then apply a coat of paraffin oil (a mineral oil) over the stem and set it aside.
Next, using micromesh pads 1500 to 2400, I wet sand the stummel to clean it and begin the fine polishing sanding. 
Following the first set of 3 pads, I begin dry sanding with the next set of 3 pads and after finishing with the first of these, I don’t like the way the stummel looks. After the wet sanding cycles, the stummel has a pink or mauve hue to it – mauve to me, is sick pink. Just in case you’re wondering what mauve is, from a quick Google search followed by my mauve toned stummel. This doesn’t work for me!
I placed too much trust in the old stain which is not holding up and leaving behind a less than attractive briar presentation – at least as I look at it. I wipe the stummel with a cotton pad and alcohol and my thoughts are confirmed. Even after wiping with isopropyl 95%, the stummel has the mauve residue in the grain. The reality is, I’m not losing too much traction in the process of this restoration except I will take a detour and put the stummel in an acetone soak to make sure I’m proceeding with the natural briar. This soak in acetone will also preempt the need to do a kosher salt and alcohol soak. I put the stummel in the acetone soak and turn out the lights. Another day is done.
The next morning, I fish the stummel out of the acetone soak and it is evident that all the remnant finish is gone. 
I return to the micromesh sanding process and start again by wet sanding with the initial set of 3, 1500 to 2400. Following this, using pads 3200 to 4000 and 6000 to 12000, I dry sand the stummel, throughout avoiding the stamped areas on the left and right flanks of the shank. Wow, without the distraction of the finish, the grain I see emerge is nice. I see an eclectic blend of large bird’s eye on the sides of the bowl and the horizontal ‘connector’ grains of the bird’s eye displayed on the foreside of the bowl.
I still have the Warden stem waiting in the wings for fine tuning, but I want to move forward with the stummel so that it can be ‘resting’ during the stem work. The grain that has emerged is beautiful and to create a little more ‘pop’ to the grain with more contrast between the darker and lighter grain – harder and softer wood, after debating between Dark Brown and Light Brown, I decide to use Fiebing’s Light Brown Leather Dye to provide the base hue in the grain and then through the use of Tripoli compound applied with a felt buffing wheel, the grain is teased out leaving greater contrast. I can lighten as well by wiping the bowl with a cotton pad and alcohol since I’m using an aniline dye.
I assemble all the components of my desktop dying station. I first assure that the stummel is clean by wiping it with a cotton pad wetted with alcohol. After inserting a fashioned cork into the shank to act as a handle, I heat the stummel with a hot air gun to heat the briar and by this, expanding the briar to enable the dye to be absorbed more efficiently. 
After heated, I apply Fiebing’s Light Brown Leather Dye over the briar surface with a folded over pipe cleaner. When fully covered, I fire the aniline dye with a lit candle which immediately combusts the alcohol and sets the pigment in the grain. After a few minutes I repeat the process and put the fired stummel aside to allow the dye to rest. I discovered that this ‘resting’ process helps to aid the dye to set and not come off on the hands when the pipe initially goes into service and the bowl is heated.
Now that I completed the staining, I turn my attention to the Warden stem. Taking another close look at the bit area reveals that the sanding to remove the oxidation with 600 grit paper, all but erased any tooth chatter on the bit! On the lower bit (second picture) I do see one very small dimple that I dispatch quickly with 470 then 600 grade papers. I then follow by using 0000 steel wool on the entire stem. I like the results – progress.
Before moving on to the micromesh phase, I go the extra mile with the Paul Viou Warden stem. Using Before & After Fine and Extra Fine Polish, in succession, I apply some of the polish on my fingers and then rub the polish into the vulcanite surface. The Fine polish has more of a gritty feel to it. With both polishes, they revitalize the vulcanite as well as continue to extract remnants of oxidation from the rubber compound. I take a picture while the Extra Fine Polish was doing its thing. After the application of each polish, I use a cotton pad to wipe off the excess polish.
Just when everything was going so well…. After I wipe off the Before & After Extra Fine Polish and was admiring the results, I see a pit on the forward third of the stem…ugh. Just to make sure I was seeing what my eyes were seeing and my brain was arguing that I wasn’t seeing what I was seeing – I took a sharp dental probe and tested. 
Well, sometimes you simply must punt the ball – American football slang for just doing what you need to do. So, using Hyper Bond 12000cps Black CA glue, with a toothpick as my drop guidance system, I spot drop some glue on the pit and wait.
After the patch cures, I gingerly use the flat needle file to file down the patch mound – trying not to slip off and produce more patch work! After the filing, I further remove the excess with 240 grit paper followed by 600 and 0000 steel wool. Finally, in the locale of the patch I again apply Before & After Fine and Extra Fine Polish. Well, the pit is filled, but the coloring of the fill is not black-black so it doesn’t blend with 100% satisfaction. Yet, if one doesn’t know the fill is there, he probably would not see it! Restoration is not perfection, though we try! The pictures show the detour.
Undaunted, moving forward with the micromesh process, I wet sand with pads 1500 to 2400 and follow by dry sanding with pads 3200 to 4000 and 6000 to 12000. After each set of 3 pads, I apply Obsidian Oil to continue the revitalization of the vulcanite Warden stem. Admittedly, taking distance pictures of a Churchwarden stem is less than satisfying, but what I’m seeing close-up is looking good!
With the stem on the side, I’m looking forward to ‘unwrapping’ the fired stummel. Using a felt cloth buffing wheel mounted on the Dremel, I set the speed to the slowest setting, so it doesn’t get too hot with friction. I then begin the process of removing the fired shell revealing the grain below. 
My wife helps record the process – my hands are full! I must purge the felt wheel often as it collects the dye crust. I do this quickly by running the wheel along the edge of the cutting board which is my lap desk as I work. The process of using Tripoli compound, which is coarser, and with the felt wheel, which creates more friction than a cotton cloth wheel, is that it can buff off much of the dye that is excess and on softer wood – the lighter part of the grain. The dye pigment tends to be held by the darker grain. The effect is that the grain almost looks luminescent with the contrasting hues in the grains.
After completing the application of Tripoli, I wet a cotton pad with isopropyl 95% and wipe down the stummel – not really to lighten the color, but to help blend the dye.
I then mount a cotton cloth buffing wheel to the Dremel, increase the speed to about 40% full power and apply Blue Diamond to stem and stummel. As I attempt to reunite the stem and stummel, I discover that the fit of the tenon in the shank is too tight – cracking a shank isn’t anything I want to be contemplating now! It’s not surprising that after soaking the stummel in acetone the wood absorbs and expand somewhat. To remedy this, I wrap a piece of 240 grit paper around the tenon and rotate the paper, sanding down the tenon a bit. I follow by doing the same with 600 grit paper. After a few tries, the tenon finds a good, snug seating. I then apply Blue Diamond compound to both stem and stummel. After finishing with the Blue Diamond, I wipe the pipe down well with a felt cloth to clean the compound dust off the surface.
Before applying carnauba wax, I will freshen the ‘P.Viou’ stem stamping. The condition of the stamp imprint seems good so the paint should hold without problem. Using white acrylic paint, I put some paint over the stamp and then lightly dab the paint with a cotton pad. This absorbs the excess paint so that the thinned layer left on the stem dries quickly. I then scrape the excess paint off by gently scraping with the side of a toothpick. I finish by gently buffing the newly painted stamp with a cotton pad. The pictures show the progression.
As I said I would do earlier, I clean the stinger with a brass brush and alcohol and a dental probe and give it a quick buff with the Dremel using Blue Diamond compound. I then reinsert it into the tenon.
I mount another cotton cloth wheel onto the Dremel, set speed at 40%, and apply a few coats of carnauba wax to the Warden stem and stummel. After finishing, I hand buff the pipe with a microfiber cloth to raise the shine.
When one first sizes up a Churchwarden, one usually is drawn to the ‘olde world’ sweep of the long, flowing stem with images of Gandalf smoking and blowing magical smoke rings. Secondarily, one is drawn to the bowl attached to the stem. But with this Churchwarden, the bowl is drawing attention as well! The beautiful, distinctive bird’s eye grain interacting with the other grain patterns is mesmerizing. The correction to the stem’s bend was strategic and the rim repair is now invisible. This Churchwarden would be a nice addition to anyone’s collection, and since Josh commissioned the Paul Viou Churchwarden and has the first opportunity to acquire it from The Pipe Steward Store. This pipe, as well as all pipes commissioned from the For “Pipe Dreamers” Only! collection benefit the Daughters of Bulgaria – women and girls who have been trafficked and sexually exploited. Thanks for joining me!
This pipe was so unique that is I just had to tackle it next. It is shown in the photo of the rack above – the fourth pipe from the left side. Jeff showed me photos of the pipe on Messenger and I was intrigued. I had really no idea who had made it and I could not see the shank or stem markings to help with the identification. Jeff looked it over and could see no stamping on the shank that would help us out but it was undeniably unique. The carving reminded me of nautilus shell and Dal said it reminded him of a scorpion…nothing quite captured and accurate description of the shape and the carving on this pipe. Jeff took photos of the pipe before he started his cleanup process. I have included these below. 
The next photo is a close up of the bowl. You can see the thick cake in the bowl and heavy overflow of lava on the rim top. You can also see the tars and grime in some of the carvings toward the top of the bowl. It was a dirty pipe and obviously it was someone’s favourite pipe because it is so dirty and caked.
He also took photos of the side and bottom of the bowl to highlight the unique carving on the bowl sides. The shank itself had more a striped carving almost bark like that ran the length of the shank to the stem.
The photos finally gave me my first clue about the pipe. The three vertical dots on the left side of the stem made me wonder if it was a Brigham. Usually Brigham will use those dots to signify particular lines of their pipes but I had never seen a bowl like this in all the years that I have been working on pipes so I had to wonder if it was on or if it had been a cannibalized stem that had been put into service on some other bowl. I would only know once I had it in hand and saw what it looked like off the pipe.
The stem itself had a lot of deep scratches on the surface that looked like someone had scraped away the calcification that can build up under a rubber Softee bit. There were tooth marks on the stem surface on both sides near the button and some wear and tooth marks on the button itself. 
I have started to mention in the last few blogs that Jeff and I have established a habitual pattern that we both follow when we work on pipes. I include it here so you have a sense of that pattern. Jeff reamed the bowl with a PipNet pipe reamer and followed up with a Savinelli Fitsall pipe knife to remove the cake. He scrubbed out the mortise and the airway in the shank and the stem with alcohol, cotton swabs and pipe cleaners. He scrubbed the exterior of the bowl, rim, shank and stem with a tooth brush and Murphy’s Oil Soap to remove the oils and tars on the rim and the grime on the finish of the bowl. He rinsed it under running water. He dried it off with a soft cloth. He was able to remove the lava build up on the rim top and you could see the damage to the flat surface of the rim and the inner edge on the right side and toward the front of the bowl. I took photos of the pipe to show its condition before I started my work on it.
I took close up photos of the bowl and rim top as well as the stem. You can see the condition of the rim top and bowl in the first photo. Jeff was able to remove all of the tar and oils and all that remained was some darkening toward back of the rim top. The inner edge of bowl was slightly damaged toward the front side. The vulcanite stem had tooth chatter and some tooth marks on the top and underside of the stem near and on the button surface. Jeff had soaked it in Before & After Deoxidizer and was able to get the stem really pretty clean. The tooth marks are quite prominent and will need to be addressed on both the stem surface and button. The three vertical brass dots on the side of the stem really stood out now that the stem was clean.
At this point I took that pipe apart and I was pretty sure I was dealing with a very unusual Brigham pipe. I was not sure what it was or what era or even the stamping because even though I thought I saw some faint stamping Brigham over Made in Canada on the underside of the shank I was not sure because the rustication went right through the stamping. There was a number on the heel of the bowl in the cone bottom that was either 688 or 889 depending on the how the pipe was held. I really was mystified so I did what I usually do when I am dealing with a Brigham – I go to my resident expert in Eastern Canada. I wrote Charles Lemon of Dad’s Pipes a quick email to see what he could tell me. I am including his response and the copy of the Brigham pamphlet that he included with his email.
So it appears I am dealing with a bit of a rare, limited edition Brigham X4 – one of their “experimental” shapes from the 60s. I wondered when I first took it apart if that was not the case but it is always good to be able to ask someone who knows more about a particular brand than I do. Thanks Charles. We will see if I let this one go.
I polished the rim top and edge with micromesh sanding pads – wet sanding with 1500-2400 grit pads and dry sanding with 3200-12000 grit pads. I wiped the rim off after each sanding pad to remove the dust. The damage on the rim is pretty much invisible after polishing and the rim top really looked good.
I worked some Before & After Restoration Balm into the rusticated and the smooth surface of the briar with my fingertips to clean, enliven and protect it. It took some time to really get it into the grooves and valleys of the rustication but I was able to work it in. I used a cotton swab to work it into the smaller divots in each ring around the bowl. I let the balm sit for a little while and then buffed with a cotton cloth to raise the shine. The following photos show the bowl at this point in the restoration process. The reworked rim top looks really good and matches the colour of the rest of the pipe. I am very happy with the results.
Before calling it a night I cleaned out the tooth marks and reshaped the button on both sides of the stem. I wiped them down with alcohol on a cotton swab. I filled them in with Black Super Glue and set the stem aside to let the repairs cure overnight. There was morning and there was evening and it was good!
The next morning after the repairs had cured I sanded the stem surface with 220 grit sandpaper to blend the surface of the repairs into the stem. I further reshaped the button with a needle file to sharpen the edges.
I polished the stem with Denicare Mouthpiece Polish to remove some of the scratches. The gritty substance that makes up this polish makes it work really well as an intermediary step after sanding out the repairs and tooth chatter. (I used it because I have three small tins of it to go through before it dries out and is useless.)
Some of you might have notice the Brigham Hard Maple Filter in the long aluminum tenon in all of the above photos and the ones that follow. I forgot to mention that I put one in the tenon when I worked on the stem to protect the aluminum from accidental damage. The Maple filter is a hollow tube made of hard maple that fits in the metal tenon. The metal tip is at the end of the tenon and actually extends all the way down the shank and sits against the opening of the airway into the bowl. It thus provides a distillator to pick up the moisture from a smoke while allowing uninhibited airflow through the pipe. One benefit of the design is that you can easily slide a pipe cleaner down the stem and into the bowl through the wooden filter/distillator tube. It is a pretty unique and effective design and one that is worth a try if you have never smoked one.
This is one of the most uniquely carved Brigham pipes that I have ever worked on and I have worked on many of them. The unique spiral rustication with slots in the spiral bands and the smooth rim top is really nicely. The striated, barklike rustication on the shank works well with the rest of the shape. I polished stem with Blue Diamond polish on the buffing wheel. I gave the bowl multiple coats of Conservator’s Wax and the stem multiple coats of carnauba wax. I buffed the pipe with a clean buffing pad to raise the shine. I hand buffed it with a microfiber cloth to deepen the shine. The pipe polished up pretty nicely. The spiral rustication and the smooth edges and rim top began to almost take on life with the buffing. The rich contrasting brown colour works well with the polished black vulcanite stem. The finished pipe has a rich look that is quite catching. Have a look at it with the photos below. The shape, finish and flow of the pipe and stem are very well done. The dimensions are Length: 6 inches, Height: 2 inches, Outside diameter of the bowl: 1 5/8 inches, Chamber diameter: 7/8 of an inch. I will be hanging on to this pipe for the time being but may well one day pass it on to Charles. Time will tell. Thanks for walking through the restoration with me as I worked over this unique Brigham X-4. 
rebornpipes 